Abstract: The main objective of this study was to investigate the problems and prospects of media management in Nigeria government owned media with a particular focus on Lagos Television (LTV) and Nigerian Television Authority (NTA). This study is anchored on System Management Theory and Theory X and Y to give the study the needed footing. The study used a cross-sectional survey research method while questionnaire was used as data collection instrument of which 148 questionnaires were administered to 148 staffs in the two media organizations. The data collected was analysis using descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage method) while the data were presented with the aid of tables. Findings of the study showed that majority of the respondents (49%) claimed that their management is proactive. Although, a substantial number of the respondents 72% noted that management often influences media operations and performance stressing that through the appointment of top media management by government; media management impacted the editorial independence. The study recommended that the management of media outfits should see their staff as major stakeholders in decision making while they should be allowed to voice their opinions on matters concerning the operation of the station.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page ______________________________________________________________i
Certification ____________________________________________________________ii
Dedication _____________________________________________________________iii
Acknowledgement ______________________________________________________ iv
Table of Contents _______________________________________________________ v
Abstract _______________________________________________________________vii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study___________________________________________1
1.2 Statement of the Problem___________________________________________3
1.3 Objectives of the Study ____________________________________________4
1.4 Research Questions _______________________________________________4
1.5 Significance of the Study__________________________________________ 5
1.6 Scope of the Study_______________________________________________ 6
1.7 Operational Definition of Terms_____________________________________6
References______________________________________________________7
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction____________________________________________________ 8
2.2 Conceptual Framework___________________________________________ 8
2.3 Empirical Review________________________________________________ 30
2.4 Theoretical Framework ___________________________________________ 32
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction____________________________________________________ 37
3.2 Research Design ________________________________________________ 38
3.3 Research Method_________________________________________________ 38
3.4 Population of Study ______________________________________________ 38
3.5 Sample Size ____________________________________________________ 38
3.6 Sample Technique _______________________________________________ 39
3.7 Instrument for Data Collection _____________________________________ 39
3.8 Validity and Reliability of Research Instrument ________________________ 39
3.9 Data Collection Process ____________________________________________40
3.9 Method of Data Analysis __________________________________________ 40
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS
4.1 Introduction ____________________________________________________ 42
4.2 Demographic Analysis ____________________________________________ 44
4.3 Discussion of Findings ____________________________________________ 57
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.0 Introduction _____________________________________________________ 59
5.1 Summary________________________________________________________ 59
5.2 Conclusion_______________________________________________________ 60
5.3 Recommendations ________________________________________________ 62
References
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
No single organization can boast of its success or survival for another year; if it fails to manage the human, material and other resources carefully and judiciously. Management is synonymous to successful coordination and control of resources in business or organization. Hence, there is no amount of fund used in establishing a firm and without adequate management. it will run out crash in due time.
Management is a common activity in human society. Virtually everyone practices, management on a daily basis either consciously or unconsciously. From the basic individual and family levels, to large multi-national organizations, management takes place. Management is a more serious subject matter in media organizations because of the role that the media play in our society. To manage media organization in this age of competition and media proliferations is no doubt a serious business. It requires some uncommon qualities and calls for special duties.
Management however, is the manipulation of resources to achieve pre-determined objectives. In the view of Aina (2002), management is a process of planning, organizing, directing and controlling available resources in an organization in order to achieve the set goals of the organization (Okafor and Udu 2005). The imperativeness of management in an organization is very monumental. Improper adoption of management techniques in most cases results to collapse and breakdown in such organizations, especially in a developing country like Nigeria.
Media management is the process by which the Editor-in-Chief or The General Manager coordinate all the process, planning, organizing, directing and controlling of media activities through various sub-ordinates and assistants in order to attain organizational objectives (Marcus, 2015). Equally, media management is an act of coordinating, controlling and commanding both human and material resources in the print and broadcast media to achieve the organizational goals (Spacey, 2019).
In other words, media management can also be described as the application and adoption of a suitable theory to enhance the smooth running of a media house. Similarly, media management can also be explained as a group of people coordinating the affair of other group of people to achieve a particular purpose in media practice (Artero, 2016).
Meanwhile, several factors have been identified to be responsible for the challenges faced by media organizations, but unfortunately, improper management seems to be the core of challenges faced by media organizations. Where there are no ownership influence clashing with proper media, there is the pursuit for commercial gain, clashing with proper values. No media is ready to produce anything that will go against the management intention as well as the ownership structure.
The term “broadcast media” is a means of transmission which enables electronic media (audio, audio-visual) of information, message, and idea, to a wider number of people listening or viewing, usually simultaneously. Examples are radio and television. Broadcasting is the transmission through space by means of radio frequencies of signals capable of being received either aurally or both aurally and visually by the general public” (Oyekanmi, 2008).
Similarly, people wonder how newspaper produces every day and also wonder how radio and television broadcast new issues every day, the magic is that, media is divided into units and departments that are handled by specialists that are best fitted for it because they know that their job is time-bound and any delay may be suicidal as audience can flow out. These specialists may include the reporters, editors, newscasters, presenters, engineers, artists, administrators etc who work on the principle of division of labour in such a way that each job and departments are manned by persons that best fitted for it. It is this division or grouping of media activities into sections to achieve organizational goals that are referred to as media departmentalization or organizational structure or media management (Aina, 2002).
This aspect shall be extensively explained under system theory of management which sees an organization as a structure with many parts that function together to form a whole. Hence, this study investigates the problem and prospect of media management in Nigeria government owned media with a particular reference to Lagos Television (LTV) and Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) respectively, with a view to examine the extent to which media management influence the operation of both LTV and NTA.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The research comparatively investigates the problems and prospects of media management in Nigeria government owned media with a particular focus on Lagos Television (LTV) and Nigerian Television Authority (NTA). Managing, controlling and commanding a media outfit requires skill task and knowledge especially in this era of media proliferation and emergence of new media that has brought a shift in audience consumption pattern.
Funding is another identified challenge because equipment in broadcast media are very expensive and become obsolete after some time when the improved version equipment are produced, especially now that broadcasting are moving to digital age. Other research problem of decision making, environmental problem, psychological constraints, burn out and stress and others which arise in poor and improper management.
The research is thus set to investigates the problems and prospects of media management in Nigeria government owned media with a particular focus on Lagos Television (LTV) and Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) with the view to examine the role played by the media managers and other managerial challenges capable of leading to organizational success and failure.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The general objective of this study is to look at the problems and prospects of media management in Nigeria government owned media while the specific objectives are:
- To what extent to which media management influence the operation of government owned media.
- To identify the challenges facing government owned broadcasting media management.
- To ascertain the prospects of government owned broadcasting media management in Nigeria.
- To find out whether ownership pattern influence media management of LTV and NTA.
- To ascertain whether LTV is effectively managed compared to NTA.
1.4 Research Questions
Based on the above-mentioned objectives, this study will be guided by the following research questions:
- To what extent does media management influence the operation of government owned media?
- What are the challenges facing government owned broadcasting media management?
- What are the prospects of government owned broadcasting media management in Nigeria.
- To what extent has media ownership pattern influence media management of LTV and NTA?
- To what extent does LTV is effectively managed compared to NTA?
1.5 Significance of the Study
The study is very significant as it will offer benefit to the individuals and group of people. Media planners will through the findings of this study come to understand why they need to plan and design strategies capable of improving their media contents which will in turn encourage flow in to their broadcast media rather than flowing out.
It will assist journalists and media practitioners to work in line with the house ethics and policy set up in their respective media outfit to ensure success.
The study will help to provide adequate insight to meet the changing demands in the dynamic media environment of our society, hereby helping media managers to make better management policies and decision.
Other beneficial of the study are media owners who will know how their actions and reactions can cripple the success and public credibility of their media outfit.
Government agencies that are saddled with the responsibility to ensure fairness and media un bias will also see the need to come up will new laws that will reduce ownership influence especially in this democratic era so that the public will come to trust such medium.
The result of the study will serve as reference materials for further studies in management, government and mass communication while future researchers will find this work very interesting to use as a reference material for their new work and see what previous researchers have done. It will add to the body of knowledge in the field of mass communication and other related disciplines while future scholars who may want to research in aspect similar to this will find the material helpful.
1.6 Scope of the Study
The study which investigates the problems and prospects of media management in Nigeria government owned media shall be narrowed in scope to Lagos Television (LTV) and Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) Channel 5. Thus, the geographical scope of this study shall be within Lagos State. The choice of Lagos Television (LTV) and Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) Channel 5 is due to their proximity to the researcher, inadequate time to study all government broadcast media in Nigeria among other logistics. Also, the demographic variables of the respondents will be carefully study before the administration of research instrument such variables include: age, gender, academic level e.t.c.
1.7 Operational Definition of Terms
It is therefore important that some terms used in this study should be decoded within the context of their usage.
Problems: In this study, problems refer to the challenges facing government broadcast media operations in Nigeria.
Prospects: In this research, it refers to the possible solutions to the challenges of media management in Nigeria.
Media Management: This means a process of planning, organizing, directing and controlling available resources in both LTV AND NTA Channel 5, Lagos in order to achieve the set goals of the organization.
Government-Owned Media: This refers to media that is owned, finance and control by the government either by the federal (NTA) or state as (LTV).
Lagos Television: This is a television station, owned, finance and control by the Lagos State government, it is shortened as LTV.
Nigerian Television Authority: This is a television station, owned, finance and control by the federal government of Nigeria. In this study, NTA Channel 5 is used. It is shortened as NTA.
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